ZIMSEC A Level · Heritage Studies · Form 6
Land as heritage
Land is central to identity, livelihood and spirituality. Colonial dispossession (Land Apportionment Act 1930, Land Tenure Act 1969) concentrated the best land among white settlers.
Land reform
- Post-independence resettlement (willing-buyer, willing-seller) from 1980.
- The Fast Track Land Reform Programme (from 2000) redistributed land to many A1 smallholders and A2 commercial farmers.
- Debates: redress of historical injustice and broader access to land, versus effects on production, investment, tenure security and compensation (including agreements on compensation for former farm owners).
Natural resources
Minerals (gold, platinum, diamonds, lithium), wildlife, forests and water are national heritage. Issues: who benefits, environmental protection, community share ownership schemes, and beneficiation (value addition).
Economic empowerment
The Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act (2007) sought local ownership of businesses; later amendments relaxed ownership requirements in most sectors to attract investment. Empowerment also includes SME support, women and youth funds, and access to finance.
Sustainable development
Using resources to meet present needs without compromising future generations – linked to Ubuntu's responsibility to descendants.
Check yourself
- In what year did the Fast Track Land Reform Programme begin?
- State one aim of the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act.
- What is beneficiation?
Show answers
- 2000.
- To increase local (indigenous Zimbabwean) ownership and participation in the economy.
- Processing raw materials locally to add value before export.
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