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Topic 11 of 11 · Form 2

Statistics

Tally charts, frequency tables, bar charts, pie charts, pictograms, stem-and-leaf diagrams, scatter diagrams (correlation and line of best fit), histograms with unequal class widths (frequency density = frequency ÷ class width), cumulative frequency curves and box plots.

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Collecting and displaying data

Tally charts, frequency tables, bar charts, pie charts, pictograms, stem-and-leaf diagrams, scatter diagrams (correlation and line of best fit), histograms with unequal class widths (frequency density = frequency ÷ class width), cumulative frequency curves and box plots.

Averages and spread

Mean, median, mode and range. For grouped data, estimate the mean with mid-points: Σfx ÷ Σf; the modal class.

Worked example: Estimate the mean from: 0–10 (5), 10–20 (8), 20–30 (7).

Mid-points 5, 15, 25: Σfx = 25 + 120 + 175 = 320; Σf = 20 → mean ≈ 16

Cumulative frequency

Plot at upper class boundaries; read the median (½n), quartiles (¼n and ¾n) and interquartile range; compare distributions using median and IQR.

Pie charts

Angle = frequency ÷ total × 360°.

Correlation

Positive, negative or none; correlation does not prove causation; draw lines of best fit through the mean point.

Exam tip: Histograms with unequal widths must use frequency density on the vertical axis.

Check yourself

  1. Find the median of 4, 9, 2, 7, 5, 8.
  2. In a survey of 60 people, 15 chose tea. Find the pie chart angle.
  3. A class 20–30 has frequency 12. Find its frequency density.
Show answers
  1. 6
  2. 90°
  3. 1.2
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