Topic 5 of 6 · Form 4
Development, food production and industry
Indicators: GNI per capita, HDI, life expectancy, literacy, infant mortality; inequalities between and within countries; globalisation and transnational corporations (TNCs) – benefits and problems.
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Development
Indicators: GNI per capita, HDI, life expectancy, literacy, infant mortality; inequalities between and within countries; globalisation and transnational corporations (TNCs) – benefits and problems.
Food production
Agricultural systems as inputs, processes and outputs; commercial and subsistence farming; arable, pastoral and mixed farming; factors (physical, human, economic). Food shortages: causes (drought, pests, conflict, poverty) and solutions (irrigation, high-yield varieties, appropriate technology, aid).
Industry
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors; industrial systems; factors affecting location (raw materials, labour, markets, transport, power, government policy); high-technology industry clusters.
Tourism
Growth of tourism; attractions; benefits and disadvantages for an area (jobs, income, infrastructure vs environmental damage, cultural change, seasonal work); sustainable tourism.
Worked example: A country's tourism earnings rise from US$1.2 billion to US$1.5 billion. Find the percentage increase.
0.3 ÷ 1.2 × 100 = 25%
Check yourself
- Name three indicators used in the HDI.
- Give two physical factors that affect farming.
- Give one disadvantage of tourism for local people.
Show answers
- Life expectancy, education (schooling) and income (GNI per capita).
- Any two: climate/rainfall, temperature, soil, relief/slope, water supply.
- Any one: seasonal or low-paid jobs, rising prices, cultural erosion, environmental damage, overcrowding.
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