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Topic 7 of 8 · Form 3

Depth study: Germany, 1918–45

Its constitution and weaknesses (proportional representation, Article 48); threats from left (Spartacists, 1919) and right (Kapp Putsch, 1920; Munich Putsch, 1923); hyperinflation (1923); recovery under Stresemann (Dawes Plan, Rentenmark, Locarno, League membership).

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The Weimar Republic

Its constitution and weaknesses (proportional representation, Article 48); threats from left (Spartacists, 1919) and right (Kapp Putsch, 1920; Munich Putsch, 1923); hyperinflation (1923); recovery under Stresemann (Dawes Plan, Rentenmark, Locarno, League membership).

The rise of Hitler

The Depression and unemployment; Nazi propaganda and organisation; the SA; Hitler becomes Chancellor (January 1933).

Consolidation of power

Reichstag Fire, Enabling Act (1933), banning trade unions and parties, the Night of the Long Knives (1934), Hitler becomes Führer after Hindenburg's death (1934).

Life in Nazi Germany

The police state (SS, Gestapo), propaganda (Goebbels), control of education and youth, policies towards women, the economy (rearmament, public works), persecution of Jews (Nuremberg Laws 1935, Kristallnacht 1938) and the Holocaust.

Exam tip: Explain how the Depression transformed Nazi support – link unemployment figures to votes.

Check yourself

  1. What did the Enabling Act allow Hitler to do?
  2. Name two policies of Stresemann.
  3. What were the Nuremberg Laws?
Show answers
  1. To pass laws without the Reichstag's approval.
  2. Any two: Rentenmark, Dawes Plan, Locarno Treaties, joining the League of Nations.
  3. 1935 laws stripping Jews of citizenship and banning marriage between Jews and non-Jews.
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