Cambridge · Form 5 · Lower 6 · Syllabus 9700
Biology
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- Cell structure, biological molecules and enzymes Light and electron microscopy (magnification and resolution; calibration with eyepiece graticule and stage micrometer); ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells (nucleus, RER, SER, Golgi, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, centrioles, chloroplasts, cell wall); prokaryotic cells; viruses.
- Membranes, the cell cycle and nucleic acids Fluid mosaic model (phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids, glycoproteins, channel and carrier proteins); cell signalling; diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis (water potential), active transport, endocytosis and exocytosis; surface area to volume ratio.
- Transport in plants and mammals; gas exchange Xylem and phloem structure; water movement through roots (apoplast and symplast pathways, Casparian strip); transpiration and cohesion–tension; xerophytic adaptations; translocation of sucrose by mass flow from source to sink (active loading by companion cells).
- Infectious diseases and immunity Causes, transmission and prevention of cholera, malaria, tuberculosis, measles and HIV/AIDS; global distribution; antibiotics (how they act on bacteria), antibiotic resistance and its causes.