ZIMSEC · Form 6 · Upper 6 · Syllabus 6030
Biology
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- Respiration Respiration releases energy as ATP.
- Photosynthesis Thylakoid membranes (stacked into grana) contain photosystems; the stroma contains enzymes of the Calvin cycle.
- Homeostasis and coordination Maintaining a constant internal environment by negative feedback: receptor → coordinator → effector → correction.
- Genetics and evolution χ² = Σ(O − E)²/E compares observed and expected results. Degrees of freedom = number of classes − 1. If χ² is below the critical value at p = 0.05, the difference is due to chance.