Cambridge · Form 3 · Syllabus 2147
History
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- Nationalism and unification in nineteenth-century Europe Historians debate the relative importance of individuals (Cavour, Garibaldi, Bismarck), nationalism, economic factors and foreign help.
- The causes of the First World War The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo (28 June 1914) by Gavrilo Princip; the Austrian ultimatum to Serbia; mobilisations; Germany's invasion of Belgium brought Britain into the war.
- The peace settlements of 1919–1923 Saint-Germain (Austria), Trianon (Hungary), Neuilly (Bulgaria), Sèvres and later Lausanne (Turkey).
- The League of Nations Collective security, disarmament, improving living and working conditions; the Assembly, Council, Secretariat, Permanent Court of International Justice, and agencies (ILO, Health Committee, Refugees, Slavery Commission).
- Depth study: Germany, 1918–45 Its constitution and weaknesses (proportional representation, Article 48); threats from left (Spartacists, 1919) and right (Kapp Putsch, 1920; Munich Putsch, 1923); hyperinflation (1923); recovery under Stresemann (Dawes Plan, Rentenmark, Locarno, League membership).
- Depth study: Russia, 1905–41 Autocracy under Nicholas II; social and economic problems; the 1905 Revolution (Bloody Sunday) and the October Manifesto; the Dumas; Stolypin's reforms.