ZIMSEC · A Level
History
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Form 5 · Lower 6 4 topics
- Pre-colonial Zimbabwe: states, economy and society Early colonial writers wrongly claimed outsiders built Great Zimbabwe; archaeologists such as David Randall-MacIver (1905) and Gertrude Caton-Thompson (1929) showed it was built by local African people. This debate shows how history can be used politically.
- The Mfecane and its impact on southern and central Africa Interpretations differ: population pressure and drought; competition for trade (ivory and slaves at Delagoa Bay); the military revolution under Dingiswayo and Shaka; and revisionist views (Julian Cobbing) that blame European slave raiding and settler expansion.
- Colonisation and resistance in Zimbabwe Missionaries (Inyati, 1859), hunters and concession seekers; the Moffat Treaty and Rudd Concession (1888); the BSAC royal charter (1889).
- Colonial economy, African responses and the Federation Mining, commercial agriculture (tobacco, maize) and manufacturing grew on cheap African labour and land policy.
Form 6 · Upper 6 2 topicsExam year
- Nationalism and the liberation struggle in Zimbabwe The City Youth League (1955), the Southern Rhodesia ANC (1957), NDP (1960), ZAPU (1961) and ZANU (1963). Leaders included Joshua Nkomo, Ndabaningi Sithole, Herbert Chitepo, Robert Mugabe and others.
- Decolonisation in Africa African nationalism (educated elites, ex-servicemen, trade unions), the impact of the Second World War, the Atlantic Charter and UN pressure, the weakened European powers, the Cold War, and pan-Africanism (Manchester Congress, 1945).