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Topic 2 of 3 · Form 2

Composition and performance

Comment on accuracy, tempo, dynamics, balance, tone quality, expression and audience communication.

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  1. PDFComposition and performance – Musical Arts notes (ZIMSEC O Level)47.0 KB

Composing

  • Start from a rhythm, a melody, a poem or a traditional song.
  • Use repetition and contrast; develop ideas by changing rhythm, pitch or dynamics.
  • Write a simple melody within a key, ending on the tonic (doh) for a feeling of completion.
  • Add accompaniment: chords I, IV and V, drum patterns or an ostinato (a repeated pattern).
  • Use technology: recording apps and notation software.

Performing

  • Prepare: practise regularly, warm up voice or fingers, learn the piece in sections.
  • Perform with accuracy (correct notes and rhythm), expression (dynamics and phrasing), good tone, and stage presence.
  • Ensemble skills: listen to others, follow a leader, keep in time.

Evaluating a performance

Comment on accuracy, tempo, dynamics, balance, tone quality, expression and audience communication.

Arranging

Adapting an existing tune for different voices or instruments (e.g. arranging a folk song for marimba band).

Exam tip: Use musical vocabulary when evaluating: “the dynamics were well contrasted, from piano in verse one to forte in the chorus”.

Check yourself

  1. What is an ostinato?
  2. On which note should a melody usually end to sound complete?
  3. Give three things to consider when evaluating a performance.
Show answers
  1. A short musical pattern repeated throughout a piece.
  2. The tonic (doh).
  3. Any three: accuracy, tempo, dynamics, balance, tone, expression, stage presence.
Next topicMusic in society and the music industry

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