Topic 8 of 8 · Form 6
Development and globalisation
Economic growth, human development (HDI), sustainable development and freedom (Sen's capabilities approach).
Notes for this topic 1 file, in order
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Defining development
Economic growth, human development (HDI), sustainable development and freedom (Sen's capabilities approach).
Theories
- Modernisation theory (Rostow, Parsons): poor societies should adopt Western values, investment and industrialisation.
- Dependency theory (Frank, Rodney – "How Europe Underdeveloped Africa"): colonialism and unequal trade cause underdevelopment.
- World systems theory (Wallerstein): core, semi-periphery and periphery.
- Neo-liberalism: free markets, structural adjustment programmes (ESAP in Zimbabwe, 1991–95) – criticised for social costs.
- Post-development and people-centred approaches.
Aspects of development
Aid and debt, trade, transnational corporations, urbanisation, health (HIV/AIDS), education, gender and development, and the environment.
Globalisation
Economic, cultural and political globalisation; the role of technology and media; cultural homogenisation versus hybridisation (glocalisation); the global diaspora and remittances.
Exam tip: Use ESAP as a case study to evaluate neo-liberal development policies.
Check yourself
- Who wrote "How Europe Underdeveloped Africa"?
- What was ESAP?
- What is glocalisation?
Show answers
- Walter Rodney.
- The Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (1991–95) of market reforms in Zimbabwe.
- The adaptation of global products and ideas to local cultures.
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