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Topic 3 of 7 · Form 5

Interpenetration of solids and developments

The line of intersection where two solids meet (e.g. a cylinder joining a cone, two cylinders at an angle, a prism through a pyramid). Methods:

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Interpenetration

The line of intersection where two solids meet (e.g. a cylinder joining a cone, two cylinders at an angle, a prism through a pyramid). Methods:

  • Generator/line method: draw lines on one surface and find where they meet the other.
  • Cutting plane method: take horizontal (or other) sections through both solids; their intersections give points on the curve.
  • Common central sphere method for intersecting cylinders and cones whose axes meet.

Developments

  • Parallel-line development: prisms and cylinders (including truncated and intersecting parts).
  • Radial-line development: pyramids and cones, using the true length of slant edges.
  • Triangulation: transition pieces (e.g. square-to-round ducts).

Worked example: Find the angle of the sector for the development of a cone with base radius 40 mm and slant height 120 mm.

Angle = (r/l) × 360° = (40/120) × 360° = 120°

Applications

Sheet-metal ducts, hoppers, chutes, pipe junctions, and packaging.

Exam tip: Find the critical points (highest, lowest and outermost) on an intersection curve first.

Check yourself

  1. Which development method is used for a square-to-round transition piece?
  2. A cone has radius 30 mm and slant height 90 mm. Find the sector angle of its development.
  3. Name two methods for finding the line of intersection of two solids.
Show answers
  1. Triangulation.
  2. (30/90) × 360° = 120°
  3. Any two: generator (line) method, cutting plane method, common central sphere method.
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