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Topic 7 of 7 · Form 4

The media

Traditional media (newspapers, television, radio) and new media (internet, social media, smartphones); ownership and control (concentration of ownership, global media corporations); influence of owners, editors and advertisers.

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The media

Traditional media (newspapers, television, radio) and new media (internet, social media, smartphones); ownership and control (concentration of ownership, global media corporations); influence of owners, editors and advertisers.

Effects of the media

Hypodermic syringe model, two-step flow, uses and gratifications, cultural effects (long-term) models; violence and the media; the digital divide.

Representations

Stereotypes in media representations of gender, age, ethnicity, class and disability; changes over time.

News

Factors shaping news selection (news values, gatekeeping, agenda-setting); bias and "fake news".

Globalisation and culture

Cultural imperialism versus hybrid cultures; new media and social movements.

Exam tip: Evaluate effects models – each has strengths and weaknesses supported by different evidence.

Check yourself

  1. What is agenda-setting?
  2. Describe the uses and gratifications model.
  3. Give one effect of the digital divide.
Show answers
  1. The media influencing which issues the public think about by choosing what to cover.
  2. Audiences actively choose and use media to satisfy needs such as information, entertainment and identity.
  3. People without internet access miss out on information, education and job opportunities.
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