Topic 2 of 7 · Form 3
Culture, identity and socialisation
Norms, values, roles, status (ascribed and achieved), beliefs and customs; cultural diversity, subcultures, multiculturalism and globalisation of culture.
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Culture
Norms, values, roles, status (ascribed and achieved), beliefs and customs; cultural diversity, subcultures, multiculturalism and globalisation of culture.
Socialisation
- Primary socialisation (family): learning basic norms and language.
- Secondary socialisation: schools, peer groups, religion, workplace and the media.
- Feral children show the importance of socialisation.
Social control
Formal (police, courts, laws) and informal (family, peers, community, religion) controls; positive and negative sanctions.
Identity
Gender, ethnicity, age, social class, nationality and religion; how identities are formed and how they change; nature versus nurture debates.
Gender socialisation
Canalisation, manipulation, verbal appellations and role models shaping gender roles.
Worked example: Give an example of an informal negative sanction.
A parent's disapproving look or a peer's teasing when someone breaks a norm.
Check yourself
- Distinguish between norms and values.
- What is an achieved status?
- Name two agencies of secondary socialisation.
Show answers
- Values are general ideas about what is important; norms are specific rules of behaviour based on values.
- A position earned through effort or merit (e.g. doctor).
- Any two: school, peer group, religion, workplace, media.
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