Topic 4 of 6 · Form 5
Population, migration and settlement dynamics
Natural change, fertility, mortality, the demographic transition model, age–sex structures, dependency ratios, population and resources (Malthus, Boserup, optimum population), population policies.
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Population
Natural change, fertility, mortality, the demographic transition model, age–sex structures, dependency ratios, population and resources (Malthus, Boserup, optimum population), population policies.
Worked example: Crude birth rate 34 per 1 000, crude death rate 9 per 1 000. Find the natural increase rate as a percentage.
(34 − 9) ÷ 10 = 2.5% per year
Migration
Types, causes (push–pull, Lee's model), impacts on source and destination; international migration and remittances; refugees.
Settlement
Rural settlements and change; urbanisation, counter-urbanisation and re-urbanisation; urban land-use models and their application to cities in developing countries; urban issues (informal settlements, transport, services, the informal economy) and management.
Check yourself
- What is counter-urbanisation?
- State one criticism of Malthus's theory.
- Name two impacts of emigration on a source country.
Show answers
- Movement of people from large cities to smaller towns and rural areas.
- Technological progress has increased food supply faster than he predicted (Boserup's argument).
- Any two: remittances, loss of skilled workers, ageing population, reduced unemployment pressure.
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