ZIMSEC O Level · Computer Science · Form 1, Form 2, Form 3, Form 4
Threats
- Malware: viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware and spyware.
- Hacking: unauthorised access to computer systems.
- Phishing: fake emails, SMS or messages that trick people into revealing passwords or PINs (common with mobile money).
- Data loss from hardware failure, theft, fire or human error.
Protection
Strong passwords and two-factor authentication, antivirus software, firewalls, encryption, regular updates, access rights, and regular backups stored in a different place or the cloud.
Ethics and the law
- Copyright: do not copy software, music or written work without permission.
- Privacy: protect personal data; Zimbabwe's Cyber and Data Protection Act (2021) sets rules for handling personal information.
- Respect others online; avoid cyberbullying and spreading false information.
Health and safety
Eye strain (take breaks), back problems (good posture, adjustable chairs), repetitive strain injury (wrist rests), and electrical hazards (no trailing cables, no drinks near equipment).
Exam tip: For each threat you name, give a matching protection method.
Check yourself
- What is phishing?
- Give two ways of protecting data from loss.
- State one health problem caused by long computer use and how to prevent it.
Show answers
- Fake messages designed to trick people into revealing personal details such as passwords or PINs.
- Any two: regular backups, cloud storage, surge protectors/UPS, antivirus.
- e.g. eye strain – take regular breaks and reduce screen glare.
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