ZIMSEC O Level · English Language · Form 3, Form 4
Argumentative essays
You take one side and try to persuade the reader.
- State your position clearly in the introduction.
- Give three or four strong points, each in its own paragraph with an explanation and an example.
- Deal with an opposing view and show why it is weaker.
- End with a firm conclusion that restates your position.
Discursive essays
You look at both sides fairly, then give a balanced conclusion.
- Paragraphs for the arguments FOR, then AGAINST (or alternate them).
- Use balanced language: “On the other hand…”, “Some people argue…”.
Useful linking words
Firstly, furthermore, moreover, in addition, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, consequently, therefore, in conclusion.
Worked example: Topic: “School uniforms should be abolished.” An opening for an argumentative essay against the topic:
School uniforms should stay. They create equality among learners, save families money in the long run, and help keep learners safe when they are out of school.
Exam tip: A strong essay has fewer points that are well explained, not a long list of weak ones.
Check yourself
- What is the main difference between an argumentative and a discursive essay?
- Give three linking words that introduce a contrasting idea.
- What should the conclusion of an argumentative essay do?
Show answers
- Argumentative takes one side; discursive presents both sides fairly.
- Any three: however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, although.
- Restate the writer's position firmly and sum up the main reasons.
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