ZIMSEC O Level · English Language · Form 2, Form 3, Form 4
Functional writing has a practical purpose and a set layout. Use the right format for the task.
Reports
- Title (what the report is about), To, From, Date.
- Introduction (purpose), findings (in clear paragraphs or numbered points), recommendations, conclusion.
- Formal, factual language; often in the past tense.
Newspaper and magazine articles
- A catchy headline and the writer's name.
- An opening paragraph that answers who, what, when, where and why.
- Lively but suitable language; may include quotations.
Speeches
- Greet the audience in order of seniority: “The Guest of Honour, the Head, teachers and fellow learners…”
- Speak directly to the audience and use rhetorical questions.
- End by thanking the audience.
Minutes of a meeting
- Name of the organisation, date, time and venue; members present and apologies.
- Items discussed and decisions made, in the past tense.
- Time the meeting ended, and signatures of the chairperson and secretary.
Exam tip: The examiner checks the format first. Missing a heading, date or ending can cost marks before any content is read.
Check yourself
- List four headings found in a report.
- Which five questions should the first paragraph of a news article answer?
- In which tense are minutes written?
Show answers
- Any four: title, to, from, date, introduction, findings, recommendations, conclusion.
- Who, what, when, where and why.
- The past tense.
Questions about this topic (0)
No questions about this topic yet.
Sign in or create a free account to join in.