ZIMSEC A Level · Geography · Form 6
Farming systems
Commercial (large-scale, mechanised, export-oriented: tobacco, sugar, horticulture), communal (subsistence, small plots), and resettlement (A1 smallholder and A2 commercial farms since land reform in 2000).
Natural farming regions
Regions I–V based on rainfall and temperature: intensive farming in I–II; semi-intensive in III; extensive livestock and drought-tolerant crops in IV–V.
Food security
Availability, access, utilisation and stability. Threats: drought, climate change, poor inputs, pests (fall armyworm), market access and economic instability.
Strategies
Irrigation development, conservation agriculture (Pfumvudza/Intwasa), drought-tolerant varieties, small grains, input support, agricultural extension (Agritex), storage, and value chains.
Land reform
Redistributed land to many households, changed farm sizes and ownership patterns; debates focus on productivity, tenure security, finance and support services.
Rural development
Approaches: integrated rural development, growth points, infrastructure (roads, electricity, irrigation), microfinance, and community participation.
Check yourself
- Name the four pillars of food security.
- Give two strategies to improve food security in drought-prone regions.
- Distinguish between A1 and A2 farms.
Show answers
- Availability, access, utilisation, stability.
- Any two: irrigation, small grains/drought-tolerant crops, conservation farming, water harvesting, storage.
- A1 farms are smallholder plots for families; A2 farms are medium to large commercial units.
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