ZIMSEC O Level · Geography · Form 4
Manufacturing industry
Factors of location: raw materials, power, labour, markets, transport, capital and government policy. Industry is concentrated in Harare and Bulawayo, with others in Gweru, Kwekwe (steel), Mutare (timber and paper), Chiredzi (sugar).
- Primary industry: extracting resources (farming, mining, forestry).
- Secondary industry: manufacturing.
- Tertiary industry: services (banking, transport, tourism).
Trade
- Exports: gold, platinum, tobacco, diamonds, lithium, ferrochrome, sugar.
- Imports: fuel, machinery, chemicals, vehicles, electricity.
- Main partners include South Africa, the United Arab Emirates, China and Mozambique. Zimbabwe is landlocked and uses ports in Mozambique (Beira) and South Africa (Durban).
Tourism
Attractions: Victoria Falls, Hwange National Park, Great Zimbabwe, Lake Kariba, Mana Pools, the Eastern Highlands, Matobo Hills.
Benefits: foreign currency, jobs, conservation funding, infrastructure. Problems: seasonal jobs, damage to sites, wildlife disturbance, and cultural erosion.
Exam tip: Classify activities as primary, secondary or tertiary – it is a common short-answer question.
Check yourself
- Give two reasons why industries are concentrated in Harare.
- Name two seaports used by landlocked Zimbabwe.
- State two benefits of tourism.
Show answers
- Any two: large market, skilled labour, good transport links, power supply, capital.
- Beira and Durban (also Maputo).
- Any two: foreign currency, jobs, conservation funds, infrastructure development.
Questions about this topic (0)
No questions about this topic yet.
Sign in or create a free account to join in.