ZIMSEC O Level · Heritage Studies · Form 1, Form 2
National symbols
- The national flag: green (vegetation and agriculture), yellow (mineral wealth), red (blood shed in the liberation struggle), black (the heritage of the black majority), the white triangle (peace), the red star and the Zimbabwe Bird (the nation's hopes and its heritage).
- The national anthem, the coat of arms, and the Zimbabwe Bird, which is based on soapstone birds found at Great Zimbabwe.
- National symbols promote unity, patriotism and identity, and must be treated with respect.
World Heritage Sites in Zimbabwe
- Mana Pools National Park, with the Sapi and Chewore Safari Areas (listed 1984).
- Great Zimbabwe National Monument (1986).
- Khami Ruins National Monument, near Bulawayo (1986).
- Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls, shared with Zambia (1989).
- Matobo Hills (2003), known for rock art and sacred shrines.
Protecting heritage
National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe (NMMZ) looks after monuments and museums. Heritage sites earn income from tourism, teach history and are sources of national pride. Threats include vandalism, graffiti, theft of artefacts, poor maintenance and climate change.
Exam tip: Learn at least three World Heritage Sites with their province or location – they are commonly asked.
Check yourself
- What does the red colour on the national flag represent?
- Name the World Heritage Site found near Bulawayo.
- Give two ways in which heritage sites benefit the nation.
Show answers
- The blood shed during the liberation struggle.
- Khami Ruins (Matobo Hills is also in Matabeleland South).
- Any two: tourism income, education about history, national pride and identity, employment.
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