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October 18, 2026

Zimbabwe in regional and international relations

ZIMSEC A Level · Heritage Studies · Form 6

Foreign policy principles

Sovereignty, non-interference, peaceful coexistence, pan-Africanism, regional integration and economic diplomacy.

Regional organisations

  • SADC (founded as SADCC in 1980, SADC from 1992; headquarters in Gaborone): regional integration, peace and security, development.
  • COMESA and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA): trade integration.
  • The African Union (2002; replaced the OAU, formed 1963): unity, peace, Agenda 2063.

International relations

Membership of the United Nations (since 1980) and the Non-Aligned Movement (Harare hosted the 1986 summit). Relations with Western countries have included sanctions disputes and re-engagement efforts; relations with China and other partners have grown in trade and investment.

Zimbabwe's contributions

Support for liberation in Mozambique, Namibia and South Africa; peacekeeping (UN missions); regional leadership roles in SADC.

The diaspora

Millions of Zimbabweans live abroad; remittances support households and the economy, and the diaspora contributes skills and investment.

Globalisation

Opportunities (markets, technology, investment) and challenges (competition, cultural change, economic vulnerability).

Exam tip: Link foreign policy choices to historical experience – colonialism and the liberation struggle shaped pan-African commitments.

Check yourself

  1. Where is the headquarters of SADC?
  2. What is Agenda 2063?
  3. Give two contributions of the diaspora to Zimbabwe.
Show answers
  1. Gaborone, Botswana.
  2. The African Union's long-term plan for an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa.
  3. Any two: remittances, skills transfer, investment, international networks.

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