ZIMSEC O Level · Technical Graphics and Design · Form 2, Form 3, Form 4
The design process
- Identify a problem and write a design brief.
- Research: users, existing products, materials, sizes (anthropometrics) and costs.
- Write a specification (measurable requirements).
- Generate and develop ideas through sketches and models.
- Select the best solution and produce working drawings.
- Make or model the solution.
- Test and evaluate against the specification.
Presentation
Rendering with pencil shading, colour and texture; exploded views; annotated sketches.
Computer-aided design (CAD)
Software is used to draw accurately in 2D and 3D, edit easily, copy repeated parts, produce renders and send files to CAM machines (laser cutters, 3D printers, CNC routers).
- Advantages: accuracy, speed of editing, easy sharing and storage, 3D visualisation.
- Disadvantages: cost of computers and software, training needed, risk of data loss.
Exam tip: Annotate design sketches with notes on materials, sizes and how each idea meets the specification.
Check yourself
- What is a design brief?
- Give two advantages of CAD over drawing by hand.
- What is a specification?
Show answers
- A short statement of the problem and what needs to be designed.
- Any two: accuracy, quick editing, copying parts, 3D views, easy storage/sharing.
- A list of measurable requirements the design must meet.
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