Topic 3 of 7 · Form 3
Social inequality
Systems of stratification: slavery, caste, estate and social class. Life chances differ according to position.
Notes for this topic 1 file, in order
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Stratification
Systems of stratification: slavery, caste, estate and social class. Life chances differ according to position.
Social class
Measuring class (occupation-based scales); class differences in income, wealth, health, education and housing; theories – Marx (bourgeoisie and proletariat), Weber (class, status and power), functionalism (Davis and Moore).
Social mobility
Intergenerational and intragenerational mobility; open and closed societies; factors affecting mobility (education, gender, ethnicity, economic change).
Poverty
Absolute and relative poverty; causes (individual and structural explanations, the culture of poverty, the cycle of deprivation); effects; solutions (welfare, minimum wages, education, development programmes).
Gender, ethnicity and age inequality
Gender pay gap, glass ceiling, discrimination; ethnic inequality and racism; ageism.
Check yourself
- What are life chances?
- Distinguish between absolute and relative poverty.
- What is the "glass ceiling"?
Show answers
- The opportunities a person has to achieve things such as good health, education and income.
- Absolute poverty is lacking basic necessities; relative poverty is being poor compared with others in society.
- An invisible barrier preventing women (or other groups) from reaching top positions.
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