ZIMSEC O Level · Musical Arts · Form 2, Form 3, Form 4
Composing
- Start from a rhythm, a melody, a poem or a traditional song.
- Use repetition and contrast; develop ideas by changing rhythm, pitch or dynamics.
- Write a simple melody within a key, ending on the tonic (doh) for a feeling of completion.
- Add accompaniment: chords I, IV and V, drum patterns or an ostinato (a repeated pattern).
- Use technology: recording apps and notation software.
Performing
- Prepare: practise regularly, warm up voice or fingers, learn the piece in sections.
- Perform with accuracy (correct notes and rhythm), expression (dynamics and phrasing), good tone, and stage presence.
- Ensemble skills: listen to others, follow a leader, keep in time.
Evaluating a performance
Comment on accuracy, tempo, dynamics, balance, tone quality, expression and audience communication.
Arranging
Adapting an existing tune for different voices or instruments (e.g. arranging a folk song for marimba band).
Exam tip: Use musical vocabulary when evaluating: “the dynamics were well contrasted, from piano in verse one to forte in the chorus”.
Check yourself
- What is an ostinato?
- On which note should a melody usually end to sound complete?
- Give three things to consider when evaluating a performance.
Show answers
- A short musical pattern repeated throughout a piece.
- The tonic (doh).
- Any three: accuracy, tempo, dynamics, balance, tone, expression, stage presence.
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