ZIMSEC O Level · Musical Arts · Form 3, Form 4
Roles of music
Worship and ritual, ceremonies (weddings, funerals, national events), entertainment, education, work songs, political and social messages (Chimurenga songs during the liberation struggle), healing and identity.
The music industry
Musicians, composers, producers, sound engineers, promoters, managers, record labels, radio and TV, streaming platforms and live events.
Copyright and royalties
- Composers own copyright in their works; others need permission to record or broadcast them.
- The Zimbabwe Music Rights Association (ZIMURA) collects royalties for members when their music is played.
- Piracy (illegal copying) takes income from artists.
Careers in music
Performer, teacher, composer, producer, sound engineer, instrument maker, music therapist, event manager.
Technology
Digital recording, music software, social media and streaming have made it easier to produce and share music but harder to earn from sales.
Exam tip: Link music to its context – who performs it, when, and why.
Check yourself
- Name the organisation that collects royalties for Zimbabwean musicians.
- What is piracy?
- Give three roles of music in society.
Show answers
- The Zimbabwe Music Rights Association (ZIMURA).
- Illegally copying and distributing music without permission or payment to the owner.
- Any three: worship, ceremonies, entertainment, education, messages, identity, healing.
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