Topic 3 of 8 · Grade 7
Plants and food production
Roots (take in water and hold the plant in the soil), stem (supports and carries water), leaves (make food), flowers (reproduction), fruits and seeds.
Notes for this topic 1 file, in order
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Parts of a plant
Roots (take in water and hold the plant in the soil), stem (supports and carries water), leaves (make food), flowers (reproduction), fruits and seeds.
Photosynthesis
Green plants make their own food in their leaves using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide; they give out oxygen.
Germination
Seeds need water, air (oxygen) and warmth to germinate.
Worked example: Three bean seeds are kept: (A) with water, air and warmth; (B) dry; (C) under water with no air. Which germinates?
Only A – seeds need water, air and warmth.
Soil
Types: sandy (drains quickly), clay (holds water, sticky) and loam (the best for crops). Soil conservation: contour ridges, mulching, planting trees, avoiding overgrazing.
Food production
Growing crops (maize, sorghum, groundnuts, vegetables), keeping livestock (cattle, goats, chickens), conservation farming (Pfumvudza/Intwasa), crop rotation, using manure and compost, controlling pests, irrigation, food storage.
Check yourself
- Which part of the plant makes food?
- Which type of soil is best for crops?
- Give one advantage of using compost.
Show answers
- The leaves.
- Loam.
- Any one: adds nutrients, improves soil structure, holds water, cheap.
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