Topic 7 of 8 · Grade 7
Weather and the environment
Hot and wet (November to March), cool and dry (May to August), hot and dry (September to October).
Notes for this topic 1 file, in order
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Weather elements and instruments
- Temperature – thermometer.
- Rainfall – rain gauge.
- Wind direction – wind vane; wind speed – anemometer.
- Air pressure – barometer.
- Clouds and sunshine – observation.
Seasons in Zimbabwe
Hot and wet (November to March), cool and dry (May to August), hot and dry (September to October).
The water cycle
Water evaporates from rivers, lakes and seas → water vapour rises and cools → condenses into clouds → falls as rain (precipitation) → collects in rivers and underground, and the cycle repeats.
The environment
- Pollution: air (smoke), water (rubbish and chemicals), land (litter, plastics).
- Soil erosion and deforestation.
- Climate change: droughts and floods are becoming more common; we can help by planting trees, saving energy and reducing waste.
- Disasters: floods, droughts, cyclones (such as Cyclone Idai in 2019) – how to stay safe.
Worked example: Explain how clouds form.
Water evaporates and rises as water vapour; high in the sky it cools and condenses into tiny droplets that form clouds.
Exam tip: Learn the instrument for each weather element.
Check yourself
- Which instrument measures rainfall?
- Name the stage of the water cycle where water vapour turns into droplets.
- Give two causes of pollution.
Show answers
- The rain gauge.
- Condensation.
- Any two: smoke from factories and vehicles, litter, sewage, chemicals, burning rubbish.
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