Topic 2 of 6 · Form 5
Yarn and fabric technology
Opening, cleaning, carding, combing (for fine yarns), drawing, roving and spinning (ring and open-end spinning). Twist (S or Z) and twist level affect strength, handle and lustre. Yarn count systems (tex = grams per 1 000 m).
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Yarn production
Opening, cleaning, carding, combing (for fine yarns), drawing, roving and spinning (ring and open-end spinning). Twist (S or Z) and twist level affect strength, handle and lustre. Yarn count systems (tex = grams per 1 000 m).
Worked example: A 500 m length of yarn weighs 10 g. Find its count in tex.
tex = (10 ÷ 500) × 1 000 = 20 tex
Woven fabrics
Looms; plain, twill, satin and their derivatives (rib, basket, herringbone); pile fabrics (velvet, towelling); fabric density (ends and picks per cm); grain and bias.
Knitted fabrics
Weft knitting (single jersey, rib, interlock) and warp knitting (tricot, raschel); stretch, comfort and laddering.
Non-woven and technical textiles
Bonded, needle-punched and felted fabrics; technical textiles for medicine, agriculture (shade netting), geotextiles and protective clothing.
Fabric properties and testing
Strength, abrasion resistance, drape, handle, pilling, dimensional stability, air permeability and thermal insulation.
Check yourself
- What is the tex of a yarn?
- Why does single jersey ladder easily?
- Give one use of geotextiles.
Show answers
- The mass in grams of 1 000 metres of yarn.
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